| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using two views | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 3.75 | 1.03 | 8 | 1.27 | 2 | 5.52 | 9 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.18 | 2 | 1.42 | 4 | 1.19 | 2 | 1.89 | 1 | 4.21 | 2 | 1.88 | 3 | 6.35 | 3 | 5.67 | 5 |
| AdaptingBP | 4 | 1.05 | 9 | 1.31 | 4 | 5.66 | 10 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.18 | 1 | 1.42 | 3 | 1.05 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3.74 | 1 | 1.89 | 4 | 6.42 | 4 | 5.69 | 6 |
| AdaptWeight | 14.08 | 1.08 | 10 | 1.41 | 7 | 5.4 | 8 | 0.51 | 21 | 0.82 | 21 | 4.17 | 19 | 5.06 | 21 | 7.5 | 15 | 11.82 | 24 | 2.26 | 9 | 7.16 | 12 | 5.2 | 2 |
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 16.83 | 1.24 | 18 | 1.69 | 15 | 6.27 | 15 | 0.51 | 22 | 0.82 | 22 | 4.21 | 21 | 5.18 | 23 | 7.56 | 16 | 12.17 | 27 | 2.26 | 10 | 7.1 | 10 | 5.33 | 3 |
| CostRelax | 33.75 | 3.91 | 41 | 5.2 | 41 | 16.85 | 43 | 1.05 | 31 | 1.95 | 33 | 13.61 | 41 | 6.05 | 29 | 13.23 | 33 | 17.94 | 40 | 3.44 | 25 | 9.04 | 19 | 10.48 | 29 |
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 35.33 | 4.07 | 42 | 5.37 | 42 | 17.72 | 44 | 1.07 | 34 | 1.97 | 34 | 13.81 | 42 | 6.09 | 30 | 13.23 | 34 | 18.16 | 42 | 3.55 | 27 | 9.15 | 21 | 10.8 | 32 |
| C-SemiGlob | 11.08 | 1.2 | 14 | 1.7 | 16 | 6.42 | 18 | 0.23 | 13 | 0.38 | 11 | 3.15 | 13 | 3.04 | 9 | 6.37 | 12 | 7.97 | 7 | 2.13 | 7 | 6.64 | 5 | 6.37 | 8 |
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 13.67 | 1.32 | 23 | 1.84 | 20 | 7.07 | 24 | 0.23 | 14 | 0.43 | 14 | 3.18 | 14 | 3.15 | 10 | 6.11 | 10 | 8.5 | 9 | 2.23 | 8 | 6.75 | 8 | 6.68 | 10 |
| DoubleBP | 3.83 | 0.83 | 2 | 1.24 | 1 | 4.49 | 2 | 0.1 | 5 | 0.35 | 9 | 1.46 | 5 | 1.41 | 3 | 4.13 | 5 | 4.73 | 3 | 1.71 | 1 | 7.02 | 9 | 5.16 | 1 |
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 5.17 | 0.86 | 3 | 1.27 | 3 | 4.66 | 3 | 0.1 | 6 | 0.35 | 10 | 1.46 | 6 | 1.43 | 4 | 4.13 | 6 | 4.94 | 4 | 1.78 | 2 | 7.14 | 11 | 5.37 | 4 |
| DP | 40.42 | 3.43 | 39 | 4.23 | 37 | 9.85 | 36 | 6.5 | 50 | 7.43 | 50 | 17.36 | 45 | 7.11 | 34 | 14.92 | 38 | 13.43 | 32 | 6.52 | 42 | 15.07 | 41 | 15.09 | 41 |
| DP(subpixel) | 40.67 | 3.72 | 40 | 4.64 | 40 | 11.3 | 39 | 6.29 | 49 | 7.24 | 49 | 17.55 | 46 | 7.06 | 33 | 14.88 | 37 | 13.28 | 31 | 6.45 | 40 | 15.07 | 42 | 15.26 | 42 |
| GC | 35.25 | 1.67 | 30 | 3.75 | 34 | 8.2 | 29 | 0.83 | 27 | 2.37 | 38 | 8.12 | 31 | 9.72 | 42 | 18.84 | 46 | 17.23 | 37 | 4.51 | 36 | 14.98 | 40 | 11.21 | 33 |
| GC(subpixel) | 36.25 | 1.89 | 34 | 4.05 | 36 | 9.25 | 34 | 0.83 | 28 | 2.37 | 39 | 8.12 | 32 | 9.56 | 41 | 18.7 | 45 | 17.33 | 38 | 4.44 | 35 | 14.96 | 39 | 11.29 | 34 |
| GC+occ | 23.67 | 0.88 | 4 | 1.66 | 12 | 4.68 | 4 | 1.1 | 35 | 1.57 | 26 | 6.02 | 23 | 7.03 | 32 | 11.37 | 31 | 12.41 | 29 | 4.16 | 31 | 10.73 | 27 | 10.6 | 30 |
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 25 | 1 | 6 | 1.82 | 19 | 5.33 | 7 | 1.1 | 36 | 1.58 | 28 | 6.02 | 24 | 6.97 | 31 | 11.31 | 30 | 12.36 | 28 | 4.2 | 32 | 10.77 | 28 | 10.72 | 31 |
| GenModel | 30.08 | 2.35 | 37 | 4.5 | 38 | 12.17 | 41 | 1.11 | 37 | 2.2 | 37 | 10.42 | 35 | 3.88 | 13 | 11.05 | 29 | 11.91 | 25 | 3.07 | 19 | 12.76 | 33 | 8.1 | 17 |
| GenModel(subpixel) | 33.08 | 2.35 | 38 | 4.5 | 39 | 12.2 | 42 | 1.35 | 40 | 2.5 | 40 | 12.87 | 40 | 4.28 | 17 | 11.55 | 32 | 12.73 | 30 | 3.27 | 23 | 13.11 | 34 | 8.78 | 22 |
| Infection | 47 | 6.34 | 48 | 7.81 | 48 | 22.8 | 48 | 2.7 | 42 | 3.66 | 42 | 26 | 47 | 12.8 | 49 | 18.32 | 44 | 33.48 | 50 | 10.72 | 49 | 16.55 | 48 | 30.13 | 49 |
| Infection(subpixel) | 47.08 | 6.82 | 50 | 8.32 | 49 | 25.32 | 50 | 2.65 | 41 | 3.62 | 41 | 26.68 | 48 | 12.84 | 50 | 17.16 | 41 | 33.44 | 49 | 10.82 | 50 | 16.46 | 46 | 30.31 | 50 |
| Layered | 20.5 | 1.28 | 21 | 1.45 | 10 | 6.84 | 22 | 0.26 | 15 | 0.48 | 17 | 3.58 | 15 | 4.51 | 20 | 9.33 | 24 | 10.4 | 16 | 3.82 | 29 | 11.26 | 31 | 9.59 | 26 |
| Layered(subpixel) | 22.5 | 1.51 | 28 | 1.81 | 18 | 8 | 28 | 0.26 | 16 | 0.49 | 18 | 3.61 | 16 | 4.44 | 19 | 9.3 | 23 | 10.37 | 14 | 3.9 | 30 | 11.39 | 32 | 9.81 | 28 |
| MultiCamGC | 19 | 1.01 | 7 | 1.66 | 13 | 5.21 | 6 | 0.16 | 11 | 0.38 | 12 | 1.7 | 7 | 7.46 | 38 | 10.67 | 26 | 13.82 | 33 | 3.55 | 26 | 10.21 | 25 | 9.29 | 24 |
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 20.58 | 1.1 | 11 | 1.79 | 17 | 5.68 | 11 | 0.17 | 12 | 0.39 | 13 | 1.76 | 8 | 7.43 | 37 | 10.64 | 25 | 13.87 | 34 | 3.56 | 28 | 10.24 | 26 | 9.31 | 25 |
| RealtimeBP | 21.17 | 1.25 | 19 | 3.04 | 29 | 6.66 | 20 | 0.63 | 23 | 1.53 | 25 | 7.68 | 29 | 5.68 | 27 | 8.27 | 17 | 10.18 | 12 | 2.9 | 15 | 9.11 | 20 | 8.27 | 18 |
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 24.42 | 1.43 | 27 | 3.32 | 32 | 7.64 | 27 | 0.64 | 24 | 1.58 | 27 | 7.82 | 30 | 5.87 | 28 | 8.51 | 19 | 10.81 | 19 | 2.98 | 17 | 9.31 | 22 | 8.53 | 21 |
| RealTimeGPU | 27.5 | 1.34 | 24 | 3.27 | 31 | 7.17 | 26 | 1.02 | 30 | 1.9 | 32 | 12.43 | 39 | 3.9 | 14 | 8.65 | 21 | 10.38 | 15 | 4.37 | 33 | 10.82 | 29 | 12.29 | 36 |
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 29.25 | 1.71 | 31 | 3.84 | 35 | 8.97 | 32 | 0.97 | 29 | 1.84 | 29 | 11.61 | 38 | 3.99 | 15 | 8.75 | 22 | 10.69 | 18 | 4.43 | 34 | 10.94 | 30 | 12.51 | 38 |
| RegionTreeDP | 11 | 1.2 | 15 | 1.43 | 9 | 6.01 | 13 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.11 | 1 | 4.22 | 16 | 6.09 | 9 | 10.69 | 17 | 2.98 | 16 | 8.1 | 13 | 7.31 | 15 |
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 13.08 | 1.26 | 20 | 1.51 | 11 | 6.31 | 17 | 0.09 | 2 | 0.31 | 8 | 1.13 | 2 | 4.38 | 18 | 6.12 | 11 | 11.01 | 20 | 2.99 | 18 | 8.15 | 14 | 7.5 | 16 |
| ReliabilityDP | 30.83 | 1.21 | 17 | 3.18 | 30 | 6.49 | 19 | 1.05 | 32 | 2.03 | 35 | 8.27 | 33 | 5.17 | 22 | 10.68 | 27 | 11.81 | 23 | 9.05 | 48 | 16.05 | 44 | 14.31 | 40 |
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 32.33 | 1.31 | 22 | 3.33 | 33 | 7.04 | 23 | 1.05 | 33 | 2.03 | 36 | 8.27 | 34 | 5.2 | 24 | 10.74 | 28 | 11.93 | 26 | 8.82 | 47 | 15.84 | 43 | 14.17 | 39 |
| Segm+visib | 10.42 | 1.14 | 12 | 1.37 | 6 | 6.09 | 14 | 0.35 | 18 | 0.48 | 16 | 4.16 | 18 | 2.39 | 5 | 3.82 | 3 | 6.35 | 5 | 2.36 | 11 | 6.7 | 6 | 6.89 | 11 |
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 11.25 | 1.18 | 13 | 1.43 | 8 | 6.3 | 16 | 0.34 | 17 | 0.46 | 15 | 3.99 | 17 | 2.52 | 6 | 3.94 | 4 | 6.63 | 6 | 2.43 | 13 | 6.73 | 7 | 7.04 | 13 |
| SegTreeDP | 14.42 | 1.38 | 25 | 1.88 | 21 | 7.11 | 25 | 0.15 | 9 | 0.23 | 3 | 1.86 | 10 | 5.4 | 26 | 8.64 | 20 | 11.54 | 21 | 2.03 | 5 | 5.33 | 1 | 6.13 | 7 |
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 15.5 | 1.61 | 29 | 2.16 | 22 | 8.22 | 30 | 0.15 | 10 | 0.23 | 4 | 1.79 | 9 | 5.31 | 25 | 8.49 | 18 | 11.61 | 22 | 2.11 | 6 | 5.45 | 2 | 6.37 | 9 |
| SemiGlob | 18.75 | 2.01 | 35 | 2.52 | 25 | 9.15 | 33 | 0.36 | 19 | 0.68 | 19 | 4.19 | 20 | 3.46 | 11 | 6.55 | 13 | 9.26 | 11 | 2.38 | 12 | 8.15 | 15 | 7 | 12 |
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 20.5 | 2.21 | 36 | 2.83 | 28 | 10.18 | 37 | 0.38 | 20 | 0.72 | 20 | 4.43 | 22 | 3.75 | 12 | 6.71 | 14 | 10.23 | 13 | 2.43 | 14 | 8.15 | 16 | 7.15 | 14 |
| SO | 45.17 | 4.23 | 43 | 6.21 | 43 | 10.71 | 38 | 5.14 | 48 | 6.58 | 48 | 16.97 | 44 | 11.27 | 46 | 20.22 | 48 | 18.56 | 44 | 8.76 | 46 | 18.78 | 50 | 16.08 | 44 |
| SO(subpixel) | 44.92 | 4.53 | 44 | 6.63 | 46 | 11.65 | 40 | 4.9 | 47 | 6.36 | 47 | 16.81 | 43 | 11 | 45 | 19.98 | 47 | 18.49 | 43 | 8.66 | 45 | 18.73 | 49 | 16.06 | 43 |
| SSD+MF | 44.92 | 4.7 | 45 | 6.48 | 44 | 21.93 | 46 | 3.41 | 43 | 4.63 | 43 | 10.73 | 36 | 12.03 | 48 | 20.42 | 50 | 24.24 | 45 | 7.33 | 44 | 16.5 | 47 | 20.29 | 48 |
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 45.17 | 4.83 | 46 | 6.66 | 47 | 22.63 | 47 | 3.42 | 44 | 4.65 | 44 | 10.91 | 37 | 11.87 | 47 | 20.34 | 49 | 24.28 | 46 | 7.09 | 43 | 16.38 | 45 | 19.59 | 47 |
| STICA | 44.33 | 4.95 | 47 | 6.6 | 45 | 18.35 | 45 | 4.69 | 46 | 5.89 | 46 | 27.25 | 49 | 10.54 | 44 | 17.23 | 43 | 25.76 | 48 | 6.36 | 39 | 13.84 | 35 | 19.14 | 45 |
| STICA(subpixel) | 45.17 | 6.49 | 49 | 8.36 | 50 | 24.38 | 49 | 4.61 | 45 | 5.81 | 45 | 27.49 | 50 | 10.48 | 43 | 17.16 | 40 | 25.7 | 47 | 6.45 | 41 | 14.03 | 37 | 19.4 | 46 |
| SymBP+occ | 9.17 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.37 | 5 | 3.77 | 1 | 0.14 | 7 | 0.29 | 5 | 1.99 | 11 | 2.65 | 7 | 4.48 | 7 | 8.42 | 8 | 3.26 | 22 | 8.39 | 17 | 8.39 | 19 |
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 11.25 | 0.9 | 5 | 1.67 | 14 | 4.84 | 5 | 0.14 | 8 | 0.29 | 6 | 1.99 | 12 | 2.74 | 8 | 4.58 | 8 | 8.6 | 10 | 3.24 | 21 | 8.44 | 18 | 8.53 | 20 |
| TensorVoting | 24.92 | 1.2 | 16 | 2.18 | 23 | 5.85 | 12 | 0.68 | 25 | 1.18 | 23 | 6.69 | 25 | 7.21 | 35 | 14.4 | 35 | 17.5 | 39 | 3.12 | 20 | 9.78 | 23 | 9.2 | 23 |
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 28 | 1.38 | 26 | 2.36 | 24 | 6.81 | 21 | 0.73 | 26 | 1.24 | 24 | 7.34 | 27 | 7.35 | 36 | 14.54 | 36 | 18.06 | 41 | 3.29 | 24 | 9.97 | 24 | 9.68 | 27 |
| TreeDP | 34.67 | 1.73 | 32 | 2.55 | 26 | 8.82 | 31 | 1.21 | 38 | 1.89 | 30 | 7.35 | 28 | 8.8 | 40 | 17.2 | 42 | 17.19 | 36 | 5.57 | 38 | 14.1 | 38 | 12.46 | 37 |
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 34.33 | 1.88 | 33 | 2.69 | 27 | 9.58 | 35 | 1.21 | 39 | 1.89 | 31 | 7.31 | 26 | 8.64 | 39 | 17.08 | 39 | 17.09 | 35 | 5.31 | 37 | 13.86 | 36 | 12.15 | 35 |