| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using two views | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||
| AdaptingBP | 2.83 | 1.08 | 5 | 1.33 | 2 | 5.79 | 5 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.2 | 2 | 1.42 | 3 | 1.91 | 1 | 3.63 | 2 | 6.05 | 1 | 2.18 | 3 | 7.06 | 3 | 6.52 | 5 |
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 3.67 | 1.12 | 6 | 1.37 | 4 | 6.02 | 6 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.19 | 1 | 1.43 | 4 | 1.98 | 2 | 3.6 | 1 | 6.39 | 3 | 2.24 | 4 | 7.09 | 4 | 6.71 | 6 |
| AdaptWeight | 15.08 | 1.38 | 19 | 1.85 | 11 | 6.9 | 13 | 0.55 | 19 | 0.98 | 19 | 4.76 | 16 | 5.98 | 21 | 9.56 | 16 | 14.24 | 21 | 2.79 | 12 | 8.1 | 11 | 6.08 | 3 |
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 15.67 | 1.36 | 16 | 1.85 | 12 | 6.91 | 14 | 0.58 | 20 | 0.99 | 21 | 5.11 | 18 | 5.99 | 22 | 9.55 | 15 | 14.45 | 24 | 2.68 | 10 | 8.15 | 12 | 6.22 | 4 |
| CostRelax | 32.42 | 4.7 | 42 | 5.99 | 42 | 20.01 | 44 | 1.1 | 31 | 2.08 | 31 | 14.34 | 37 | 6.83 | 28 | 14.2 | 33 | 20.21 | 35 | 3.63 | 19 | 9.51 | 19 | 11.04 | 28 |
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 34.67 | 4.67 | 41 | 5.97 | 41 | 19.89 | 43 | 1.28 | 36 | 2.3 | 34 | 16.68 | 40 | 7 | 30 | 14.38 | 34 | 20.68 | 41 | 3.81 | 24 | 9.66 | 20 | 11.53 | 32 |
| C-SemiGlob | 10.17 | 1.34 | 13 | 1.86 | 13 | 7.16 | 17 | 0.23 | 11 | 0.5 | 11 | 3.16 | 13 | 3.74 | 8 | 8.63 | 12 | 9.76 | 7 | 2.38 | 5 | 7.38 | 5 | 7.1 | 7 |
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 11.92 | 1.36 | 15 | 1.91 | 15 | 7.25 | 19 | 0.23 | 12 | 0.53 | 12 | 3.24 | 14 | 3.96 | 10 | 8.11 | 10 | 10.65 | 8 | 2.48 | 8 | 7.56 | 10 | 7.42 | 10 |
| DoubleBP | 3.5 | 0.88 | 1 | 1.29 | 1 | 4.76 | 1 | 0.11 | 5 | 0.42 | 9 | 1.47 | 5 | 2.03 | 3 | 5.46 | 5 | 6.38 | 2 | 1.98 | 1 | 7.5 | 8 | 5.92 | 1 |
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 4.67 | 0.92 | 2 | 1.33 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0.11 | 6 | 0.42 | 10 | 1.47 | 6 | 2.03 | 4 | 5.59 | 6 | 6.57 | 4 | 2.02 | 2 | 7.56 | 9 | 6.04 | 2 |
| DP | 41 | 4.12 | 40 | 5.04 | 40 | 11.95 | 38 | 7.28 | 50 | 8.24 | 50 | 18.03 | 43 | 9.04 | 37 | 16.77 | 37 | 15.68 | 30 | 8.1 | 43 | 16.71 | 42 | 17.56 | 42 |
| DP(subpixel) | 40.58 | 4.01 | 39 | 4.92 | 39 | 11.89 | 37 | 7.07 | 49 | 8.05 | 49 | 18.51 | 45 | 9.28 | 38 | 17.04 | 38 | 15.96 | 32 | 7.67 | 40 | 16.34 | 41 | 17.02 | 40 |
| GC | 34.67 | 1.94 | 28 | 4.12 | 34 | 9.39 | 28 | 0.95 | 27 | 2.6 | 38 | 8.46 | 29 | 12.07 | 42 | 21.03 | 45 | 20.26 | 36 | 5.61 | 36 | 16.18 | 40 | 12.69 | 33 |
| GC(subpixel) | 34.08 | 1.92 | 27 | 4.1 | 33 | 9.37 | 27 | 0.9 | 25 | 2.54 | 37 | 8.46 | 30 | 11.9 | 41 | 20.87 | 44 | 20.3 | 37 | 5.41 | 35 | 16 | 39 | 12.7 | 34 |
| GC+occ | 24.58 | 1.19 | 8 | 2.01 | 19 | 6.24 | 8 | 1.22 | 33 | 1.75 | 28 | 6.39 | 23 | 8.08 | 32 | 13.06 | 30 | 14.97 | 28 | 4.46 | 29 | 11.32 | 27 | 11.42 | 30 |
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 24.25 | 1.17 | 7 | 1.99 | 17 | 6.2 | 7 | 1.17 | 32 | 1.7 | 26 | 6.38 | 22 | 8 | 31 | 13.12 | 31 | 15.02 | 29 | 4.48 | 30 | 11.32 | 28 | 11.51 | 31 |
| GenModel | 30.67 | 2.46 | 37 | 4.62 | 38 | 12.52 | 41 | 1.52 | 39 | 2.8 | 39 | 15.28 | 38 | 5.03 | 15 | 12.63 | 25 | 14.81 | 27 | 3.54 | 17 | 13.53 | 33 | 9.39 | 19 |
| GenModel(subpixel) | 32.75 | 2.46 | 38 | 4.61 | 37 | 12.52 | 42 | 1.62 | 40 | 2.87 | 40 | 16.22 | 39 | 5.38 | 17 | 13.16 | 32 | 15.89 | 31 | 3.72 | 21 | 13.76 | 34 | 10.07 | 22 |
| Infection | 47.42 | 7.36 | 49 | 8.88 | 47 | 26.88 | 48 | 3.31 | 42 | 4.41 | 42 | 30.15 | 48 | 14.76 | 50 | 21.16 | 46 | 38.3 | 50 | 11.91 | 49 | 18.24 | 48 | 33.14 | 50 |
| Infection(subpixel) | 46.67 | 7.35 | 48 | 8.92 | 48 | 27.15 | 49 | 3.13 | 41 | 4.23 | 41 | 29.84 | 47 | 14.59 | 49 | 19.57 | 43 | 37.82 | 49 | 11.91 | 50 | 18 | 46 | 33.02 | 49 |
| Layered | 21.5 | 1.57 | 25 | 1.87 | 14 | 8.28 | 25 | 0.42 | 14 | 0.77 | 16 | 4.52 | 15 | 5.73 | 20 | 10.81 | 22 | 13.36 | 19 | 4.58 | 31 | 12.42 | 31 | 10.83 | 26 |
| Layered(subpixel) | 22.83 | 1.76 | 26 | 2.06 | 20 | 9.32 | 26 | 0.43 | 16 | 0.82 | 18 | 4.91 | 17 | 5.65 | 19 | 10.74 | 21 | 13.35 | 18 | 4.68 | 32 | 12.5 | 32 | 11.42 | 29 |
| MultiCamGC | 20.92 | 1.27 | 10 | 1.99 | 18 | 6.48 | 10 | 0.42 | 15 | 0.71 | 15 | 2.42 | 11 | 8.75 | 36 | 12.68 | 26 | 16.79 | 33 | 3.94 | 27 | 10.79 | 26 | 10.37 | 24 |
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 20.25 | 1.26 | 9 | 1.98 | 16 | 6.46 | 9 | 0.35 | 13 | 0.64 | 14 | 2.42 | 12 | 8.62 | 35 | 12.68 | 27 | 16.84 | 34 | 3.87 | 26 | 10.72 | 25 | 10.21 | 23 |
| RealtimeBP | 21.67 | 1.49 | 21 | 3.4 | 31 | 7.87 | 23 | 0.64 | 22 | 1.65 | 25 | 7.79 | 26 | 6.59 | 25 | 9.85 | 18 | 12.8 | 13 | 3.35 | 15 | 9.9 | 21 | 9.58 | 20 |
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 22.92 | 1.49 | 22 | 3.4 | 32 | 7.9 | 24 | 0.68 | 23 | 1.73 | 27 | 8.39 | 28 | 6.75 | 26 | 9.8 | 17 | 13.24 | 17 | 3.39 | 16 | 9.94 | 22 | 9.74 | 21 |
| RealTimeGPU | 30.25 | 2.04 | 32 | 4.21 | 36 | 10.57 | 35 | 1.39 | 37 | 2.43 | 35 | 17.01 | 41 | 4.86 | 13 | 10.69 | 19 | 13.08 | 15 | 5.13 | 34 | 11.94 | 30 | 13.94 | 36 |
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 30.08 | 1.99 | 29 | 4.15 | 35 | 10.41 | 34 | 1.43 | 38 | 2.46 | 36 | 17.71 | 42 | 4.89 | 14 | 10.71 | 20 | 13.16 | 16 | 4.96 | 33 | 11.68 | 29 | 13.91 | 35 |
| RegionTreeDP | 12.67 | 1.39 | 20 | 1.64 | 8 | 6.85 | 12 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.35 | 7 | 1.14 | 2 | 5.19 | 16 | 8.05 | 9 | 12.75 | 12 | 4.11 | 28 | 9.41 | 18 | 9.14 | 16 |
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 12.17 | 1.35 | 14 | 1.6 | 7 | 6.81 | 11 | 0.09 | 1 | 0.36 | 8 | 1.13 | 1 | 5.61 | 18 | 8.46 | 11 | 13.74 | 20 | 3.86 | 25 | 9.2 | 15 | 8.97 | 15 |
| ReliabilityDP | 30.92 | 1.36 | 17 | 3.39 | 30 | 7.25 | 20 | 1.09 | 30 | 2.19 | 33 | 8.54 | 31 | 6.55 | 24 | 12.82 | 28 | 14.31 | 22 | 11.12 | 48 | 18.13 | 47 | 17.05 | 41 |
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 30.17 | 1.36 | 18 | 3.38 | 29 | 7.24 | 18 | 1.05 | 29 | 2.14 | 32 | 8.34 | 27 | 6.44 | 23 | 13 | 29 | 14.68 | 26 | 10.53 | 47 | 17.55 | 45 | 16.75 | 39 |
| Segm+visib | 10.33 | 1.3 | 11 | 1.57 | 5 | 6.92 | 15 | 0.45 | 17 | 0.64 | 13 | 5.29 | 19 | 3.13 | 5 | 4.64 | 3 | 8.23 | 5 | 2.82 | 13 | 7.45 | 6 | 8.12 | 12 |
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 12 | 1.3 | 12 | 1.57 | 6 | 6.92 | 16 | 0.6 | 21 | 0.79 | 17 | 5.96 | 21 | 3.37 | 6 | 4.88 | 4 | 8.97 | 6 | 2.86 | 14 | 7.46 | 7 | 8.28 | 14 |
| SegTreeDP | 16.75 | 2.21 | 34 | 2.76 | 24 | 10.32 | 32 | 0.2 | 10 | 0.31 | 4 | 1.93 | 7 | 6.92 | 29 | 11.05 | 23 | 14.43 | 23 | 2.41 | 6 | 6.15 | 1 | 7.13 | 8 |
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 16.67 | 2.1 | 33 | 2.64 | 23 | 9.96 | 30 | 0.16 | 9 | 0.27 | 3 | 1.93 | 8 | 6.83 | 27 | 11.11 | 24 | 14.5 | 25 | 2.41 | 7 | 6.2 | 2 | 7.21 | 9 |
| SemiGlob | 18.83 | 2.33 | 36 | 2.97 | 28 | 10.66 | 36 | 0.49 | 18 | 0.98 | 20 | 5.82 | 20 | 4.44 | 11 | 8.67 | 13 | 12.04 | 11 | 2.64 | 9 | 8.77 | 13 | 7.78 | 11 |
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 21 | 2.25 | 35 | 2.88 | 27 | 10.38 | 33 | 0.87 | 24 | 1.36 | 22 | 10.39 | 33 | 4.7 | 12 | 8.91 | 14 | 13.07 | 14 | 2.78 | 11 | 8.91 | 14 | 8.2 | 13 |
| SO | 45.5 | 5.08 | 43 | 7.22 | 45 | 12.18 | 39 | 6.1 | 47 | 7.64 | 48 | 18.26 | 44 | 13.89 | 48 | 22.66 | 50 | 20.97 | 42 | 10.31 | 46 | 20.35 | 50 | 18.52 | 44 |
| SO(subpixel) | 45.33 | 5.13 | 44 | 7.27 | 46 | 12.24 | 40 | 5.91 | 46 | 7.46 | 46 | 18.61 | 46 | 13.74 | 47 | 22.51 | 49 | 21.17 | 43 | 9.97 | 45 | 20.03 | 49 | 18.11 | 43 |
| SSD+MF | 44.25 | 5.23 | 46 | 7.07 | 44 | 24.14 | 46 | 3.44 | 43 | 4.79 | 43 | 10.79 | 35 | 13.38 | 46 | 21.78 | 48 | 27.23 | 46 | 8.19 | 44 | 17.47 | 44 | 22.14 | 46 |
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 43.67 | 5.17 | 45 | 7.02 | 43 | 23.93 | 45 | 3.44 | 44 | 4.79 | 44 | 11.08 | 36 | 13.25 | 45 | 21.71 | 47 | 27.14 | 45 | 7.99 | 42 | 17.36 | 43 | 21.63 | 45 |
| STICA | 46.08 | 7.7 | 50 | 9.63 | 50 | 27.83 | 50 | 6.22 | 48 | 7.6 | 47 | 34.02 | 50 | 12.41 | 43 | 19.4 | 41 | 30.81 | 48 | 7.78 | 41 | 15.59 | 37 | 23.27 | 48 |
| STICA(subpixel) | 44.67 | 6.99 | 47 | 8.93 | 49 | 26.49 | 47 | 5.48 | 45 | 6.83 | 45 | 33.9 | 49 | 12.43 | 44 | 19.52 | 42 | 30.68 | 47 | 7.64 | 39 | 15.5 | 35 | 22.92 | 47 |
| SymBP+occ | 9.83 | 0.97 | 4 | 1.75 | 10 | 5.09 | 4 | 0.15 | 7 | 0.32 | 5 | 2.13 | 9 | 3.72 | 7 | 6.47 | 7 | 11.34 | 9 | 3.79 | 23 | 9.24 | 16 | 9.35 | 17 |
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 10.08 | 0.94 | 3 | 1.71 | 9 | 5.03 | 3 | 0.15 | 8 | 0.32 | 6 | 2.13 | 10 | 3.86 | 9 | 6.91 | 8 | 11.84 | 10 | 3.7 | 20 | 9.25 | 17 | 9.38 | 18 |
| TensorVoting | 26.58 | 1.5 | 23 | 2.49 | 22 | 7.42 | 21 | 0.94 | 26 | 1.58 | 23 | 9.64 | 32 | 8.29 | 33 | 15.56 | 35 | 20.43 | 38 | 3.6 | 18 | 10.44 | 23 | 10.53 | 25 |
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 28.33 | 1.5 | 24 | 2.48 | 21 | 7.42 | 22 | 1.01 | 28 | 1.64 | 24 | 10.61 | 34 | 8.42 | 34 | 15.69 | 36 | 21.21 | 44 | 3.76 | 22 | 10.59 | 24 | 11.03 | 27 |
| TreeDP | 33.92 | 1.99 | 30 | 2.84 | 26 | 9.96 | 31 | 1.23 | 34 | 1.92 | 29 | 7.55 | 24 | 10.77 | 40 | 19.09 | 40 | 20.51 | 39 | 7.62 | 38 | 15.99 | 38 | 15.62 | 38 |
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 33.58 | 1.99 | 31 | 2.83 | 25 | 9.95 | 29 | 1.23 | 35 | 1.92 | 30 | 7.55 | 25 | 10.72 | 39 | 19.07 | 39 | 20.52 | 40 | 7.12 | 37 | 15.53 | 36 | 14.86 | 37 |