| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using two views | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||
| AdaptingBP | 2.25 | 1.11 | 3 | 1.37 | 2 | 5.79 | 3 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.21 | 1 | 1.44 | 1 | 4.22 | 4 | 7.06 | 3 | 11.79 | 4 | 2.48 | 1 | 7.92 | 3 | 7.32 | 1 |
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 6.25 | 1.51 | 15 | 1.94 | 10 | 7.25 | 14 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.23 | 2 | 1.61 | 3 | 4.02 | 3 | 7.12 | 4 | 11.4 | 3 | 2.95 | 6 | 8.35 | 4 | 8.58 | 9 |
| AdaptWeight | 14.42 | 1.38 | 11 | 1.85 | 8 | 6.9 | 11 | 0.71 | 15 | 1.19 | 16 | 6.13 | 16 | 7.88 | 21 | 13.29 | 17 | 18.64 | 24 | 3.97 | 15 | 9.79 | 13 | 8.26 | 6 |
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 15.08 | 1.8 | 21 | 2.41 | 18 | 8.04 | 18 | 0.62 | 13 | 1.07 | 15 | 5.79 | 15 | 7.45 | 19 | 13.02 | 15 | 18.37 | 20 | 3.72 | 12 | 9.64 | 11 | 8.11 | 4 |
| CostRelax | 30 | 4.76 | 41 | 6.08 | 41 | 20.32 | 43 | 1.41 | 30 | 2.48 | 32 | 18.53 | 41 | 8.18 | 22 | 15.94 | 27 | 23.8 | 35 | 3.91 | 14 | 10.17 | 14 | 11.84 | 20 |
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 31.75 | 5.29 | 44 | 6.68 | 42 | 21.18 | 44 | 1.32 | 26 | 2.36 | 30 | 17.29 | 39 | 8.28 | 23 | 16.1 | 28 | 24.03 | 37 | 4.55 | 20 | 10.81 | 18 | 13.19 | 30 |
| C-SemiGlob | 12.42 | 2.61 | 33 | 3.29 | 24 | 9.89 | 28 | 0.25 | 10 | 0.57 | 9 | 3.24 | 11 | 5.14 | 6 | 11.79 | 10 | 12.96 | 6 | 2.77 | 2 | 8.35 | 5 | 8.2 | 5 |
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 11.42 | 1.79 | 20 | 2.49 | 19 | 8.32 | 21 | 0.26 | 11 | 0.58 | 11 | 3.54 | 13 | 5.39 | 8 | 11.45 | 9 | 14.15 | 8 | 2.91 | 4 | 8.56 | 6 | 8.49 | 7 |
| DoubleBP | 3.42 | 0.88 | 1 | 1.29 | 1 | 4.76 | 1 | 0.13 | 4 | 0.45 | 6 | 1.87 | 5 | 3.53 | 2 | 8.3 | 5 | 9.63 | 1 | 2.9 | 3 | 8.78 | 10 | 7.79 | 2 |
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 4.58 | 1.24 | 5 | 1.76 | 6 | 5.98 | 4 | 0.12 | 3 | 0.46 | 7 | 1.74 | 4 | 3.45 | 1 | 8.38 | 6 | 10.01 | 2 | 2.93 | 5 | 8.73 | 9 | 7.91 | 3 |
| DP | 41.08 | 4.12 | 39 | 5.04 | 39 | 11.95 | 35 | 10.1 | 50 | 11.03 | 50 | 21.03 | 45 | 14 | 38 | 21.58 | 38 | 20.56 | 32 | 10.54 | 43 | 19.1 | 42 | 21.1 | 42 |
| DP(subpixel) | 40.42 | 4.57 | 40 | 5.56 | 40 | 13.34 | 41 | 8.19 | 47 | 9.17 | 47 | 19.5 | 42 | 13.61 | 37 | 21.24 | 37 | 20.22 | 30 | 10.08 | 42 | 18.67 | 41 | 20.47 | 41 |
| GC | 35.17 | 1.94 | 25 | 4.12 | 32 | 9.39 | 25 | 1.79 | 36 | 3.44 | 39 | 8.75 | 25 | 16.47 | 45 | 25.03 | 47 | 24.93 | 39 | 7.7 | 36 | 18.15 | 39 | 15.27 | 34 |
| GC(subpixel) | 34.17 | 2.23 | 29 | 4.41 | 34 | 9.8 | 27 | 1.33 | 27 | 3 | 36 | 9.02 | 28 | 15.15 | 41 | 23.85 | 44 | 24.24 | 38 | 7.35 | 35 | 17.85 | 38 | 15.06 | 33 |
| GC+occ | 23.58 | 1.19 | 4 | 2.01 | 12 | 6.24 | 5 | 1.64 | 33 | 2.19 | 28 | 6.75 | 19 | 11.18 | 35 | 17.4 | 34 | 19.77 | 29 | 5.36 | 28 | 12.45 | 28 | 12.97 | 28 |
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 23.25 | 1.32 | 8 | 2.18 | 14 | 6.38 | 7 | 1.41 | 29 | 1.97 | 26 | 6.97 | 22 | 10.46 | 33 | 16.91 | 31 | 19.51 | 26 | 5.28 | 27 | 12.41 | 27 | 13.01 | 29 |
| GenModel | 29.58 | 2.57 | 32 | 4.74 | 36 | 13.03 | 39 | 1.72 | 35 | 3.08 | 37 | 16.93 | 38 | 6.86 | 14 | 14.99 | 24 | 19.21 | 25 | 4.64 | 23 | 14.89 | 34 | 11.38 | 18 |
| GenModel(subpixel) | 31.08 | 2.74 | 36 | 4.99 | 38 | 13.36 | 42 | 1.7 | 34 | 2.96 | 34 | 16.41 | 37 | 7.4 | 17 | 15.46 | 26 | 20.23 | 31 | 4.61 | 22 | 14.8 | 33 | 12.15 | 23 |
| Infection | 47.92 | 7.95 | 49 | 9.54 | 47 | 28.88 | 49 | 4.41 | 44 | 5.53 | 44 | 31.67 | 48 | 17.7 | 48 | 25.09 | 48 | 44.41 | 50 | 14.34 | 50 | 21.33 | 48 | 38.04 | 50 |
| Infection(subpixel) | 46.83 | 8.15 | 50 | 9.73 | 49 | 28.96 | 50 | 3.68 | 42 | 4.79 | 41 | 30.94 | 47 | 16.94 | 47 | 23.31 | 42 | 42.78 | 49 | 13.84 | 49 | 20.46 | 47 | 37.17 | 49 |
| Layered | 23.33 | 1.57 | 17 | 1.87 | 9 | 8.28 | 20 | 1.34 | 28 | 1.85 | 21 | 6.85 | 21 | 8.64 | 24 | 14.31 | 21 | 18.54 | 22 | 6.59 | 34 | 14.71 | 32 | 14.39 | 31 |
| Layered(subpixel) | 22.33 | 1.92 | 24 | 2.25 | 16 | 9.52 | 26 | 0.71 | 16 | 1.23 | 17 | 6.35 | 17 | 7.8 | 20 | 13.58 | 19 | 17.61 | 17 | 6.53 | 33 | 14.61 | 31 | 14.72 | 32 |
| MultiCamGC | 24.67 | 1.27 | 6 | 1.99 | 11 | 6.48 | 8 | 2.79 | 40 | 3.13 | 38 | 3.6 | 14 | 11.99 | 36 | 17.63 | 36 | 21.99 | 34 | 4.89 | 26 | 11.83 | 25 | 12.09 | 22 |
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 23.58 | 1.45 | 13 | 2.2 | 15 | 6.79 | 9 | 1.89 | 37 | 2.25 | 29 | 3.35 | 12 | 11.14 | 34 | 17.04 | 32 | 21.33 | 33 | 4.74 | 24 | 11.68 | 24 | 12.04 | 21 |
| RealtimeBP | 20.92 | 1.49 | 14 | 3.4 | 27 | 7.87 | 17 | 0.77 | 18 | 1.9 | 24 | 9 | 27 | 8.72 | 25 | 13.24 | 16 | 17.17 | 13 | 4.61 | 21 | 11.64 | 23 | 12.44 | 26 |
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 21.83 | 1.75 | 19 | 3.67 | 29 | 8.08 | 19 | 0.72 | 17 | 1.86 | 22 | 9.06 | 29 | 8.84 | 27 | 13.33 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 4.41 | 18 | 11.44 | 20 | 12.25 | 25 |
| RealTimeGPU | 29.92 | 2.05 | 27 | 4.22 | 33 | 10.64 | 32 | 1.92 | 38 | 2.98 | 35 | 20.27 | 43 | 7.23 | 15 | 14.38 | 22 | 17.57 | 16 | 6.41 | 32 | 13.7 | 30 | 16.46 | 36 |
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 29 | 2.45 | 31 | 4.73 | 35 | 12.02 | 36 | 1.48 | 32 | 2.54 | 33 | 18.2 | 40 | 6.65 | 13 | 14.13 | 20 | 17.17 | 14 | 6.12 | 30 | 13.24 | 29 | 16.23 | 35 |
| RegionTreeDP | 13.83 | 1.39 | 12 | 1.64 | 4 | 6.85 | 10 | 0.22 | 9 | 0.57 | 10 | 1.93 | 6 | 7.42 | 18 | 11.91 | 11 | 16.75 | 10 | 6.31 | 31 | 11.9 | 26 | 11.84 | 19 |
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 14.42 | 1.7 | 18 | 2.07 | 13 | 7.52 | 16 | 0.13 | 5 | 0.49 | 8 | 1.58 | 2 | 7.27 | 16 | 11.97 | 12 | 17.81 | 18 | 5.54 | 29 | 11.2 | 19 | 11.1 | 17 |
| ReliabilityDP | 32.33 | 1.36 | 10 | 3.39 | 26 | 7.25 | 15 | 2.35 | 39 | 3.48 | 40 | 12.22 | 36 | 9.82 | 31 | 16.87 | 30 | 19.54 | 28 | 12.88 | 47 | 19.94 | 46 | 19.71 | 40 |
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 30.58 | 1.84 | 22 | 3.95 | 30 | 8.43 | 23 | 1.24 | 24 | 2.37 | 31 | 8.92 | 26 | 8.74 | 26 | 16.16 | 29 | 19.52 | 27 | 12.53 | 46 | 19.59 | 44 | 19.52 | 39 |
| Segm+visib | 9.75 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.57 | 3 | 6.92 | 12 | 0.79 | 19 | 1.06 | 14 | 6.76 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 6.54 | 1 | 12.33 | 5 | 3.72 | 11 | 8.62 | 7 | 10.23 | 13 |
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 11 | 1.53 | 16 | 1.84 | 7 | 7.16 | 13 | 0.65 | 14 | 0.9 | 13 | 6.5 | 18 | 5.28 | 7 | 6.9 | 2 | 13.47 | 7 | 3.76 | 13 | 8.66 | 8 | 10.28 | 14 |
| SegTreeDP | 17.33 | 2.21 | 28 | 2.76 | 20 | 10.32 | 30 | 0.46 | 12 | 0.6 | 12 | 2.44 | 10 | 9.58 | 29 | 15.17 | 25 | 18.43 | 21 | 3.23 | 9 | 7.86 | 2 | 8.83 | 10 |
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 16.92 | 2.67 | 35 | 3.34 | 25 | 10.99 | 33 | 0.18 | 8 | 0.33 | 4 | 2.2 | 8 | 9.16 | 28 | 14.99 | 23 | 18.57 | 23 | 3.06 | 7 | 7.46 | 1 | 8.54 | 8 |
| SemiGlob | 20 | 3.26 | 37 | 3.96 | 31 | 12.75 | 38 | 1 | 21 | 1.57 | 19 | 11.27 | 32 | 6.02 | 9 | 12.19 | 13 | 16.32 | 9 | 3.06 | 8 | 9.75 | 12 | 8.9 | 11 |
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 20.17 | 2.65 | 34 | 3.42 | 28 | 11.39 | 34 | 0.93 | 20 | 1.48 | 18 | 11.18 | 31 | 6.37 | 11 | 12.78 | 14 | 17.47 | 15 | 3.47 | 10 | 10.22 | 15 | 10.04 | 12 |
| SO | 46 | 5.08 | 42 | 7.22 | 44 | 12.18 | 37 | 9.44 | 49 | 10.94 | 49 | 21.92 | 46 | 19.95 | 50 | 28.17 | 50 | 26.26 | 43 | 13.01 | 48 | 22.85 | 50 | 22.25 | 44 |
| SO(subpixel) | 45.42 | 6.19 | 46 | 8.34 | 46 | 13.19 | 40 | 7.61 | 46 | 9.15 | 46 | 20.6 | 44 | 19 | 49 | 27.32 | 49 | 25.54 | 42 | 12.44 | 45 | 22.34 | 49 | 21.71 | 43 |
| SSD+MF | 43.75 | 5.23 | 43 | 7.07 | 43 | 24.14 | 45 | 3.74 | 43 | 5.16 | 43 | 11.89 | 35 | 16.53 | 46 | 24.85 | 46 | 32.91 | 46 | 10.6 | 44 | 19.82 | 45 | 26.26 | 46 |
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 42.5 | 6.09 | 45 | 8.01 | 45 | 25.26 | 46 | 3.5 | 41 | 4.9 | 42 | 11.46 | 33 | 15.44 | 42 | 23.84 | 43 | 31.71 | 45 | 9.83 | 40 | 19.16 | 43 | 24.79 | 45 |
| STICA | 45.33 | 7.7 | 47 | 9.63 | 48 | 27.83 | 47 | 8.19 | 48 | 9.58 | 48 | 40.3 | 50 | 15.83 | 43 | 23.22 | 41 | 37.74 | 48 | 9.81 | 39 | 17.8 | 37 | 28.7 | 48 |
| STICA(subpixel) | 44.08 | 7.85 | 48 | 9.86 | 50 | 28.2 | 48 | 5.83 | 45 | 7.22 | 45 | 35.15 | 49 | 14.4 | 39 | 22.25 | 39 | 34.96 | 47 | 9.07 | 37 | 17.13 | 35 | 26.67 | 47 |
| SymBP+occ | 9.42 | 0.97 | 2 | 1.75 | 5 | 5.09 | 2 | 0.16 | 6 | 0.33 | 3 | 2.19 | 7 | 6.47 | 12 | 10.72 | 7 | 17.03 | 11 | 4.79 | 25 | 10.72 | 17 | 10.88 | 16 |
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 11.08 | 1.33 | 9 | 2.31 | 17 | 6.28 | 6 | 0.17 | 7 | 0.36 | 5 | 2.33 | 9 | 6.11 | 10 | 10.74 | 8 | 17.11 | 12 | 4.47 | 19 | 10.43 | 16 | 10.61 | 15 |
| TensorVoting | 28.25 | 3.79 | 38 | 4.79 | 37 | 8.86 | 24 | 1.23 | 23 | 1.88 | 23 | 11.53 | 34 | 9.76 | 30 | 17.05 | 33 | 24.03 | 36 | 4.38 | 16 | 11.44 | 21 | 12.23 | 24 |
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 26 | 1.9 | 23 | 2.98 | 22 | 8.32 | 22 | 1.04 | 22 | 1.69 | 20 | 10.92 | 30 | 10.1 | 32 | 17.46 | 35 | 25.31 | 40 | 4.39 | 17 | 11.52 | 22 | 12.56 | 27 |
| TreeDP | 34.17 | 1.99 | 26 | 2.84 | 21 | 9.96 | 29 | 1.41 | 31 | 2.1 | 27 | 7.74 | 24 | 15.92 | 44 | 23.9 | 45 | 27.09 | 44 | 10.05 | 41 | 18.35 | 40 | 18.92 | 38 |
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 32.42 | 2.26 | 30 | 3.11 | 23 | 10.42 | 31 | 1.24 | 25 | 1.96 | 25 | 7.71 | 23 | 14.47 | 40 | 22.62 | 40 | 25.53 | 41 | 9.25 | 38 | 17.58 | 36 | 18.26 | 37 |