| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using two views | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 5.75 | 8.78 | 11 | 9.45 | 7 | 14.95 | 3 | 0.72 | 2 | 1.12 | 2 | 5.24 | 2 | 10.12 | 2 | 16.42 | 3 | 21.32 | 1 | 8.49 | 14 | 14.71 | 14 | 16.52 | 8 |
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 6.92 | 12.67 | 20 | 13.14 | 21 | 16.81 | 10 | 0.62 | 1 | 0.87 | 1 | 5.1 | 1 | 11.72 | 7 | 16.66 | 4 | 25.05 | 7 | 6.09 | 3 | 12.25 | 2 | 15.02 | 6 |
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 7.25 | 9.24 | 13 | 10.19 | 12 | 17.57 | 16 | 0.84 | 4 | 1.33 | 5 | 7.49 | 6 | 11.34 | 6 | 18.56 | 8 | 24.81 | 6 | 6.24 | 4 | 12.52 | 3 | 14.48 | 4 |
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 9 | 8.28 | 9 | 8.63 | 6 | 15.33 | 5 | 2.25 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 13.98 | 21 | 11.25 | 5 | 13.8 | 2 | 24.76 | 5 | 7.9 | 12 | 13.12 | 8 | 17.23 | 12 |
| C-SemiGlob | 11.75 | 13.92 | 28 | 14.71 | 26 | 18.88 | 24 | 3.3 | 20 | 3.82 | 17 | 10.95 | 13 | 9.82 | 1 | 17.43 | 6 | 22.76 | 2 | 5.37 | 2 | 11.69 | 1 | 12.77 | 1 |
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 12 | 12.71 | 22 | 13.67 | 23 | 17.76 | 18 | 0.77 | 3 | 1.13 | 3 | 5.96 | 4 | 12.59 | 10 | 18.67 | 9 | 27.87 | 11 | 8.73 | 15 | 15.19 | 15 | 16.99 | 11 |
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 12.33 | 9.17 | 12 | 10.1 | 11 | 19.69 | 28 | 1.42 | 9 | 2.37 | 9 | 14.53 | 22 | 12.53 | 9 | 20.02 | 12 | 28.35 | 13 | 6.74 | 6 | 14.05 | 10 | 16.26 | 7 |
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 12.42 | 9.42 | 14 | 10.19 | 13 | 17.23 | 11 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.94 | 7 | 9.42 | 9 | 13.5 | 15 | 20.5 | 14 | 29.27 | 16 | 9.26 | 17 | 15.44 | 16 | 16.78 | 10 |
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 14 | 11.46 | 18 | 11.84 | 17 | 18.07 | 19 | 0.88 | 5 | 1.51 | 6 | 5.89 | 3 | 13.54 | 16 | 19.47 | 10 | 27.68 | 10 | 11.49 | 25 | 17.5 | 20 | 18.85 | 19 |
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 14.42 | 5.91 | 1 | 6.87 | 1 | 14.43 | 1 | 2.78 | 16 | 3.5 | 14 | 10.72 | 11 | 17.22 | 25 | 24.49 | 26 | 29.6 | 17 | 9.75 | 19 | 16.96 | 19 | 19.46 | 23 |
| SemiGlob | 15 | 13.42 | 25 | 14.3 | 25 | 20.35 | 32 | 4.55 | 23 | 5.38 | 24 | 15.7 | 25 | 10.96 | 4 | 18.48 | 7 | 26.07 | 8 | 4.93 | 1 | 12.54 | 4 | 13.51 | 2 |
| AdaptingBP | 15.33 | 19.06 | 37 | 19.34 | 35 | 17.35 | 12 | 4.84 | 26 | 5.08 | 22 | 7.84 | 7 | 12.76 | 12 | 16.67 | 5 | 26.31 | 9 | 7.02 | 7 | 13.15 | 9 | 13.99 | 3 |
| Segm+visib | 16.08 | 12.69 | 21 | 12.93 | 20 | 15.81 | 8 | 10.4 | 36 | 11.01 | 36 | 19.49 | 32 | 10.96 | 3 | 13.2 | 1 | 23.7 | 3 | 8.12 | 13 | 13.11 | 7 | 17.29 | 13 |
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 17.67 | 11.86 | 19 | 12.9 | 19 | 20.14 | 30 | 1.34 | 8 | 2.12 | 8 | 12.28 | 16 | 14.93 | 20 | 22.21 | 23 | 33.24 | 30 | 7.12 | 10 | 14.6 | 13 | 18.04 | 16 |
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 17.83 | 6.23 | 3 | 7.17 | 3 | 15.05 | 4 | 6.29 | 30 | 6.91 | 30 | 9.39 | 8 | 18.12 | 28 | 25.07 | 30 | 31.95 | 26 | 9.3 | 18 | 16.27 | 17 | 18.29 | 17 |
| Layered(subpixel) | 18.08 | 7.49 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 17.71 | 17 | 2.84 | 18 | 3.75 | 16 | 13.78 | 18 | 15.08 | 21 | 21.61 | 20 | 29.8 | 19 | 11.11 | 23 | 19.32 | 27 | 21.77 | 28 |
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 18.17 | 21.7 | 42 | 22.3 | 42 | 24.73 | 41 | 0.94 | 6 | 1.3 | 4 | 6.86 | 5 | 15.28 | 23 | 22.19 | 22 | 28.47 | 14 | 7.1 | 9 | 12.84 | 5 | 14.53 | 5 |
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 18.92 | 9.81 | 15 | 11.72 | 15 | 20.09 | 29 | 1.66 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 13.83 | 20 | 15.25 | 22 | 21.45 | 18 | 28.71 | 15 | 10.35 | 21 | 17.75 | 23 | 21.13 | 26 |
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 20.17 | 15.57 | 29 | 16.87 | 29 | 31.59 | 43 | 1.64 | 10 | 2.74 | 10 | 18.43 | 30 | 12.7 | 11 | 20.62 | 15 | 31.75 | 25 | 7.15 | 11 | 14.18 | 11 | 18.33 | 18 |
| GenModel(subpixel) | 20.83 | 10.18 | 16 | 12.26 | 18 | 20.49 | 33 | 2.8 | 17 | 4.15 | 21 | 18.61 | 31 | 13.47 | 14 | 21.51 | 19 | 29.64 | 18 | 8.75 | 16 | 18.81 | 25 | 19.03 | 22 |
| DoubleBP | 21.5 | 18.66 | 35 | 19.11 | 33 | 15.76 | 7 | 7.82 | 33 | 8.22 | 32 | 11.32 | 14 | 14.4 | 17 | 19.88 | 11 | 24.35 | 4 | 11.77 | 26 | 17.65 | 22 | 19.67 | 24 |
| GenModel | 22.17 | 7.89 | 8 | 10.01 | 10 | 18.52 | 21 | 4.59 | 24 | 6.03 | 25 | 23.48 | 40 | 14.76 | 19 | 22.75 | 24 | 31.75 | 24 | 10.2 | 20 | 20.2 | 30 | 19.03 | 21 |
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 23.5 | 8.76 | 10 | 10.72 | 14 | 16.51 | 9 | 2.68 | 15 | 4.08 | 19 | 14.71 | 24 | 17.56 | 26 | 24.82 | 28 | 31.39 | 22 | 17.08 | 41 | 24.08 | 38 | 26.43 | 36 |
| CostRelax | 23.58 | 26.25 | 49 | 27.33 | 49 | 33.46 | 44 | 2.92 | 19 | 4.06 | 18 | 20.8 | 35 | 12.28 | 8 | 20.24 | 13 | 32.4 | 28 | 6.33 | 5 | 13.09 | 6 | 16.72 | 9 |
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 24 | 17.31 | 32 | 19.24 | 34 | 20.18 | 31 | 2.37 | 14 | 3.63 | 15 | 20.22 | 34 | 13.04 | 13 | 21.41 | 17 | 27.95 | 12 | 11.77 | 27 | 19.56 | 28 | 23.97 | 31 |
| GC(subpixel) | 24.5 | 7.51 | 6 | 9.57 | 8 | 17.43 | 14 | 3.58 | 22 | 5.23 | 23 | 12.42 | 17 | 23.42 | 38 | 31.34 | 41 | 33.76 | 32 | 12.44 | 30 | 22.44 | 33 | 21.91 | 30 |
| TensorVoting | 24.83 | 25.46 | 48 | 26.19 | 48 | 21.23 | 34 | 3.32 | 21 | 4.12 | 20 | 14.58 | 23 | 14.61 | 18 | 21.78 | 21 | 33.26 | 31 | 7.05 | 8 | 14.46 | 12 | 17.37 | 14 |
| SymBP+occ | 25 | 20.74 | 40 | 21.57 | 40 | 19.51 | 27 | 5.96 | 28 | 6.27 | 27 | 10.19 | 10 | 15.66 | 24 | 20.92 | 16 | 31.71 | 23 | 11.4 | 24 | 17.54 | 21 | 18.94 | 20 |
| GC+occ | 25.33 | 6.1 | 2 | 7.11 | 2 | 14.55 | 2 | 10.71 | 37 | 11.33 | 37 | 16.91 | 28 | 23.68 | 39 | 30.09 | 38 | 34.56 | 35 | 12.25 | 29 | 19.2 | 26 | 21.9 | 29 |
| MultiCamGC | 28.17 | 6.56 | 4 | 7.55 | 4 | 15.68 | 6 | 16.4 | 48 | 16.83 | 48 | 17.57 | 29 | 24.33 | 41 | 30.43 | 39 | 36.94 | 40 | 12.04 | 28 | 18.76 | 24 | 21.15 | 27 |
| SegTreeDP | 28.33 | 25.42 | 47 | 25.96 | 45 | 24.6 | 40 | 6.23 | 29 | 6.59 | 29 | 10.79 | 12 | 19.71 | 32 | 25.87 | 31 | 30.86 | 20 | 10.86 | 22 | 16.48 | 18 | 17.73 | 15 |
| AdaptWeight | 29.25 | 18.1 | 34 | 18.8 | 32 | 18.59 | 22 | 7.77 | 32 | 8.4 | 33 | 15.83 | 26 | 17.57 | 27 | 23.93 | 25 | 34.03 | 34 | 14 | 32 | 19.67 | 29 | 20.63 | 25 |
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 30.5 | 13.39 | 24 | 14.24 | 24 | 23.62 | 39 | 2.32 | 13 | 3.23 | 13 | 11.54 | 15 | 24.55 | 43 | 31.94 | 43 | 39.34 | 42 | 15.91 | 36 | 23.8 | 37 | 27.6 | 37 |
| DP(subpixel) | 31.33 | 10.63 | 17 | 11.75 | 16 | 18.97 | 25 | 10.87 | 38 | 11.87 | 38 | 25.59 | 41 | 22.49 | 37 | 29.56 | 37 | 31.24 | 21 | 15.41 | 34 | 23.65 | 34 | 28.44 | 38 |
| RegionTreeDP | 32.75 | 20.95 | 41 | 21.12 | 39 | 18.33 | 20 | 9.08 | 35 | 9.74 | 34 | 13.79 | 19 | 19.72 | 33 | 24.76 | 27 | 32.12 | 27 | 19.74 | 44 | 24.76 | 41 | 25.36 | 33 |
| GC | 33.67 | 7.71 | 7 | 9.82 | 9 | 17.4 | 13 | 13.48 | 45 | 14.96 | 45 | 20.91 | 36 | 31.45 | 48 | 38.52 | 48 | 38.88 | 41 | 15.95 | 37 | 25.54 | 43 | 24.68 | 32 |
| RealtimeBP | 34 | 19.94 | 39 | 21.62 | 41 | 22.16 | 35 | 8.68 | 34 | 9.93 | 35 | 20.12 | 33 | 19.24 | 29 | 24.83 | 29 | 33.82 | 33 | 14.22 | 33 | 21.25 | 32 | 25.9 | 35 |
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 34.75 | 16.22 | 30 | 17.97 | 30 | 36.16 | 46 | 4.78 | 25 | 6.22 | 26 | 15.98 | 27 | 21.22 | 34 | 29.19 | 36 | 41.74 | 44 | 15.73 | 35 | 24.6 | 40 | 33.62 | 44 |
| Layered | 34.83 | 12.95 | 23 | 13.51 | 22 | 18.67 | 23 | 15.6 | 47 | 16.33 | 46 | 21.78 | 38 | 22.16 | 36 | 27.83 | 34 | 35.38 | 36 | 16.91 | 40 | 24.53 | 39 | 25.83 | 34 |
| STICA(subpixel) | 35.25 | 13.89 | 27 | 15.8 | 28 | 34.07 | 45 | 6.53 | 31 | 7.94 | 31 | 36.77 | 48 | 19.49 | 30 | 27.58 | 33 | 43.68 | 45 | 12.49 | 31 | 20.57 | 31 | 33.21 | 43 |
| SO(subpixel) | 37.83 | 13.5 | 26 | 15.49 | 27 | 19.23 | 26 | 11.11 | 40 | 12.61 | 41 | 26.11 | 42 | 27.96 | 45 | 35.41 | 45 | 36.01 | 37 | 17.82 | 42 | 27.19 | 44 | 29.43 | 39 |
| RealTimeGPU | 38.42 | 24.21 | 45 | 26.02 | 46 | 24.94 | 42 | 10.95 | 39 | 12.12 | 39 | 27.58 | 44 | 19.62 | 31 | 27.01 | 32 | 33 | 29 | 16.55 | 39 | 23.75 | 35 | 29.52 | 40 |
| Infection(subpixel) | 38.75 | 16.55 | 31 | 18.04 | 31 | 38.26 | 49 | 5.3 | 27 | 6.55 | 28 | 33.13 | 46 | 21.78 | 35 | 29.18 | 35 | 50.53 | 49 | 17.91 | 43 | 25.13 | 42 | 44.02 | 49 |
| ReliabilityDP | 40.17 | 18.99 | 36 | 20.73 | 38 | 17.54 | 15 | 12.72 | 43 | 13.96 | 43 | 26.13 | 43 | 26.32 | 44 | 32.49 | 44 | 36.76 | 39 | 23.69 | 48 | 29.89 | 48 | 31.48 | 41 |
| DP | 43.92 | 19.58 | 38 | 20.59 | 37 | 22.84 | 37 | 23.49 | 50 | 24.3 | 49 | 32.85 | 45 | 30.04 | 47 | 36.28 | 47 | 36.09 | 38 | 22.04 | 47 | 29.64 | 47 | 33.75 | 45 |
| TreeDP | 44 | 22.42 | 44 | 23.05 | 43 | 22.33 | 36 | 12.08 | 42 | 12.92 | 42 | 21.72 | 37 | 32.39 | 49 | 38.95 | 49 | 45.59 | 46 | 23.7 | 49 | 30.77 | 49 | 31.74 | 42 |
| STICA | 44.67 | 24.33 | 46 | 26.1 | 47 | 44.76 | 50 | 15.24 | 46 | 16.55 | 47 | 46.35 | 50 | 23.97 | 40 | 31.28 | 40 | 50.41 | 48 | 15.95 | 38 | 23.75 | 36 | 39.5 | 48 |
| Infection | 44.83 | 22.13 | 43 | 23.49 | 44 | 37.63 | 47 | 11.13 | 41 | 12.33 | 40 | 37.32 | 49 | 24.34 | 42 | 31.71 | 42 | 56.37 | 50 | 20.16 | 45 | 27.8 | 45 | 48.17 | 50 |
| SO | 45.17 | 17.85 | 33 | 19.81 | 36 | 23.37 | 38 | 23.14 | 49 | 24.44 | 50 | 34.59 | 47 | 36.3 | 50 | 42.87 | 50 | 41.41 | 43 | 23.71 | 50 | 32.4 | 50 | 34.42 | 46 |
| SSD+MF | 46.08 | 28.53 | 50 | 29.99 | 50 | 38.06 | 48 | 12.83 | 44 | 14.2 | 44 | 23.41 | 39 | 28.16 | 46 | 35.42 | 46 | 48.65 | 47 | 21.08 | 46 | 29.42 | 46 | 38.61 | 47 |