| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using a single view | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||||
| AdaptingBP | 2.5 | 1.11 | 3 | 1.37 | 2 | 5.79 | 3 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.21 | 1 | 1.44 | 2 | 4.22 | 4 | 7.06 | 4 | 11.79 | 4 | 2.48 | 1 | 7.92 | 4 | 7.32 | 1 | ||
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 2.92 | 1.18 | 4 | 1.52 | 3 | 6.26 | 6 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.21 | 2 | 1.46 | 3 | 3.96 | 3 | 6.83 | 3 | 10.99 | 3 | 2.55 | 2 | 7.85 | 2 | 7.48 | 2 | ||
| AdaptWeight | 15.5 | 1.38 | 12 | 1.85 | 8 | 6.9 | 12 | 0.71 | 17 | 1.19 | 17 | 6.13 | 18 | 7.88 | 21 | 13.29 | 18 | 18.64 | 24 | 3.97 | 17 | 9.79 | 14 | 8.26 | 8 | ||
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 15 | 1.63 | 21 | 2.17 | 17 | 7.76 | 17 | 0.52 | 14 | 0.88 | 14 | 4.31 | 15 | 7.32 | 18 | 12.46 | 15 | 17.9 | 20 | 3.73 | 13 | 9.45 | 11 | 7.95 | 5 | ||
| CostRelax | 30.5 | 4.76 | 41 | 6.08 | 41 | 20.32 | 43 | 1.41 | 28 | 2.48 | 31 | 18.53 | 41 | 8.18 | 23 | 15.94 | 28 | 23.8 | 37 | 3.91 | 15 | 10.17 | 15 | 11.84 | 23 | ||
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 29.83 | 4.86 | 42 | 6.19 | 42 | 20.6 | 44 | 1.14 | 23 | 2.15 | 28 | 14.76 | 37 | 8.13 | 22 | 15.91 | 27 | 23.69 | 36 | 3.94 | 16 | 10.27 | 17 | 11.93 | 24 | ||
| C-SemiGlob | 13.58 | 2.61 | 34 | 3.29 | 24 | 9.89 | 28 | 0.25 | 11 | 0.57 | 10 | 3.24 | 13 | 5.14 | 8 | 11.79 | 12 | 12.96 | 8 | 2.77 | 4 | 8.35 | 5 | 8.2 | 6 | ||
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 12.67 | 2.25 | 30 | 2.87 | 21 | 9.18 | 25 | 0.23 | 10 | 0.46 | 9 | 3.16 | 12 | 5.13 | 7 | 11.71 | 11 | 12.75 | 7 | 2.8 | 5 | 8.38 | 6 | 8.29 | 9 | ||
| DoubleBP | 4.33 | 0.88 | 1 | 1.29 | 1 | 4.76 | 1 | 0.13 | 5 | 0.45 | 8 | 1.87 | 5 | 3.53 | 2 | 8.3 | 6 | 9.63 | 2 | 2.9 | 7 | 8.78 | 10 | 7.79 | 4 | ||
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 4.92 | 1.37 | 11 | 1.86 | 9 | 6.18 | 4 | 0.11 | 4 | 0.37 | 7 | 1.47 | 4 | 3.34 | 1 | 8.18 | 5 | 9.39 | 1 | 2.67 | 3 | 8.42 | 7 | 7.77 | 3 | ||
| DP | 41.08 | 4.12 | 39 | 5.04 | 39 | 11.95 | 34 | 10.1 | 50 | 11.03 | 50 | 21.03 | 45 | 14 | 38 | 21.58 | 38 | 20.56 | 32 | 10.54 | 43 | 19.1 | 42 | 21.1 | 43 | ||
| DP(subpixel) | 38.5 | 4.19 | 40 | 5.11 | 40 | 12.34 | 38 | 7.68 | 47 | 8.62 | 47 | 19.62 | 42 | 10.48 | 33 | 18.28 | 37 | 18.64 | 25 | 8.76 | 38 | 17.47 | 36 | 18.94 | 39 | ||
| GC | 35.83 | 1.94 | 24 | 4.12 | 33 | 9.39 | 26 | 1.79 | 36 | 3.44 | 39 | 8.75 | 27 | 16.47 | 46 | 25.03 | 48 | 24.93 | 41 | 7.7 | 36 | 18.15 | 39 | 15.27 | 35 | ||
| GC(subpixel) | 34.5 | 1.93 | 23 | 4.11 | 32 | 9.39 | 27 | 1.54 | 32 | 3.1 | 37 | 8.73 | 26 | 16.26 | 45 | 24.82 | 46 | 24.67 | 40 | 7.57 | 35 | 17.98 | 38 | 15.03 | 33 | ||
| GC+occ | 24.42 | 1.19 | 5 | 2.01 | 15 | 6.24 | 5 | 1.64 | 34 | 2.19 | 29 | 6.75 | 20 | 11.18 | 35 | 17.4 | 34 | 19.77 | 30 | 5.36 | 28 | 12.45 | 28 | 12.97 | 30 | ||
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 23.83 | 1.2 | 6 | 2.04 | 16 | 6.3 | 7 | 1.53 | 31 | 2.04 | 26 | 6.72 | 19 | 11.12 | 34 | 17.26 | 33 | 19.93 | 31 | 5.14 | 27 | 12.24 | 27 | 12.64 | 29 | ||
| GenModel | 30.58 | 2.57 | 33 | 4.74 | 37 | 13.03 | 42 | 1.72 | 35 | 3.08 | 36 | 16.93 | 39 | 6.86 | 16 | 14.99 | 25 | 19.21 | 27 | 4.64 | 23 | 14.89 | 34 | 11.38 | 20 | ||
| GenModel(subpixel) | 28.83 | 2.52 | 32 | 4.69 | 35 | 12.77 | 41 | 1.55 | 33 | 2.87 | 34 | 15.59 | 38 | 6.64 | 14 | 14.69 | 24 | 18.93 | 26 | 4.31 | 19 | 14.41 | 32 | 10.91 | 18 | ||
| Infection | 47.92 | 7.95 | 48 | 9.54 | 47 | 28.88 | 48 | 4.41 | 44 | 5.53 | 44 | 31.67 | 48 | 17.7 | 49 | 25.09 | 49 | 44.41 | 50 | 14.34 | 50 | 21.33 | 48 | 38.04 | 50 | ||
| Infection(subpixel) | 46.92 | 7.95 | 49 | 9.55 | 48 | 29.32 | 50 | 3.44 | 42 | 4.55 | 41 | 29.96 | 47 | 16.8 | 48 | 24.27 | 44 | 42.79 | 49 | 13.55 | 49 | 20.47 | 47 | 36.5 | 49 | ||
| Layered | 24.17 | 1.57 | 20 | 1.87 | 10 | 8.28 | 21 | 1.34 | 27 | 1.85 | 22 | 6.85 | 22 | 8.64 | 25 | 14.31 | 21 | 18.54 | 23 | 6.59 | 34 | 14.71 | 33 | 14.39 | 32 | ||
| Layered(subpixel) | 21.25 | 1.63 | 22 | 1.99 | 12 | 8.62 | 22 | 0.69 | 16 | 1.13 | 16 | 5.65 | 16 | 7.86 | 20 | 13.49 | 19 | 17.59 | 19 | 6.13 | 31 | 14.2 | 31 | 13.58 | 31 | ||
| MultiCamGC | 25.33 | 1.27 | 7 | 1.99 | 13 | 6.48 | 8 | 2.79 | 40 | 3.13 | 38 | 3.6 | 14 | 11.99 | 37 | 17.63 | 36 | 21.99 | 34 | 4.89 | 26 | 11.83 | 25 | 12.09 | 26 | ||
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 24.33 | 1.28 | 8 | 2 | 14 | 6.51 | 9 | 2.44 | 39 | 2.69 | 33 | 2.93 | 11 | 11.9 | 36 | 17.48 | 35 | 21.87 | 33 | 4.79 | 25 | 11.74 | 24 | 11.98 | 25 | ||
| RealtimeBP | 21.83 | 1.49 | 15 | 3.4 | 27 | 7.87 | 18 | 0.77 | 18 | 1.9 | 24 | 9 | 28 | 8.72 | 26 | 13.24 | 17 | 17.17 | 16 | 4.61 | 22 | 11.64 | 23 | 12.44 | 28 | ||
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 19.17 | 1.52 | 17 | 3.44 | 28 | 7.92 | 19 | 0.64 | 15 | 1.6 | 20 | 7.81 | 25 | 8.46 | 24 | 12.94 | 16 | 17.19 | 17 | 3.8 | 14 | 10.79 | 19 | 10.8 | 16 | ||
| RealTimeGPU | 30.42 | 2.05 | 27 | 4.22 | 34 | 10.64 | 32 | 1.92 | 37 | 2.98 | 35 | 20.27 | 44 | 7.23 | 17 | 14.38 | 22 | 17.57 | 18 | 6.41 | 33 | 13.7 | 30 | 16.46 | 36 | ||
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 28.5 | 2.44 | 31 | 4.69 | 36 | 12.09 | 35 | 1.45 | 30 | 2.5 | 32 | 16.99 | 40 | 6.6 | 13 | 13.76 | 20 | 16.38 | 13 | 5.58 | 29 | 12.75 | 29 | 15.05 | 34 | ||
| RegionTreeDP | 15.08 | 1.39 | 13 | 1.64 | 5 | 6.85 | 11 | 0.22 | 9 | 0.57 | 11 | 1.93 | 6 | 7.42 | 19 | 11.91 | 13 | 16.75 | 14 | 6.31 | 32 | 11.9 | 26 | 11.84 | 22 | ||
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 13.5 | 1.57 | 19 | 1.89 | 11 | 7.44 | 16 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.35 | 6 | 1.2 | 1 | 6.76 | 15 | 11.26 | 9 | 16.35 | 12 | 5.66 | 30 | 11.24 | 21 | 10.99 | 19 | ||
| ReliabilityDP | 32.58 | 1.36 | 10 | 3.39 | 26 | 7.25 | 15 | 2.35 | 38 | 3.48 | 40 | 12.22 | 36 | 9.82 | 32 | 16.87 | 31 | 19.54 | 29 | 12.88 | 47 | 19.94 | 46 | 19.71 | 41 | ||
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 30.25 | 1.55 | 18 | 3.66 | 29 | 8.25 | 20 | 1.33 | 26 | 2.37 | 30 | 9.14 | 29 | 9.39 | 28 | 16.45 | 29 | 19.43 | 28 | 12.23 | 46 | 19.32 | 43 | 18.89 | 37 | ||
| Segm+visib | 10.83 | 1.3 | 9 | 1.57 | 4 | 6.92 | 13 | 0.79 | 19 | 1.06 | 15 | 6.76 | 21 | 5 | 6 | 6.54 | 2 | 12.33 | 6 | 3.72 | 12 | 8.62 | 9 | 10.23 | 14 | ||
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 10.08 | 1.48 | 14 | 1.75 | 7 | 7.21 | 14 | 0.52 | 13 | 0.71 | 13 | 5.81 | 17 | 4.71 | 5 | 6.38 | 1 | 11.92 | 5 | 3.51 | 11 | 8.45 | 8 | 10 | 13 | ||
| SegTreeDP | 17.92 | 2.21 | 29 | 2.76 | 19 | 10.32 | 31 | 0.46 | 12 | 0.6 | 12 | 2.44 | 10 | 9.58 | 30 | 15.17 | 26 | 18.43 | 22 | 3.23 | 10 | 7.86 | 3 | 8.83 | 11 | ||
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 16.33 | 2.69 | 35 | 3.31 | 25 | 11.82 | 33 | 0.17 | 8 | 0.28 | 3 | 1.95 | 7 | 9.05 | 27 | 14.66 | 23 | 18.38 | 21 | 2.89 | 6 | 7.46 | 1 | 8.22 | 7 | ||
| SemiGlob | 20.92 | 3.26 | 37 | 3.96 | 31 | 12.75 | 40 | 1 | 21 | 1.57 | 19 | 11.27 | 33 | 6.02 | 11 | 12.19 | 14 | 16.32 | 11 | 3.06 | 9 | 9.75 | 13 | 8.9 | 12 | ||
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 19.25 | 3.03 | 36 | 3.75 | 30 | 12.22 | 37 | 0.89 | 20 | 1.39 | 18 | 9.22 | 30 | 5.79 | 10 | 11.7 | 10 | 15.92 | 10 | 2.98 | 8 | 9.52 | 12 | 8.72 | 10 | ||
| SO | 45.92 | 5.08 | 43 | 7.22 | 44 | 12.18 | 36 | 9.44 | 49 | 10.94 | 49 | 21.92 | 46 | 19.95 | 50 | 28.17 | 50 | 26.26 | 42 | 13.01 | 48 | 22.85 | 50 | 22.25 | 44 | ||
| SO(subpixel) | 44 | 5.24 | 45 | 7.4 | 45 | 12.51 | 39 | 6.64 | 46 | 8.13 | 46 | 20.06 | 43 | 16.15 | 44 | 24.75 | 45 | 24.39 | 39 | 11.41 | 45 | 21.38 | 49 | 20.45 | 42 | ||
| SSD+MF | 44 | 5.23 | 44 | 7.07 | 43 | 24.14 | 45 | 3.74 | 43 | 5.16 | 43 | 11.89 | 35 | 16.53 | 47 | 24.85 | 47 | 32.91 | 46 | 10.6 | 44 | 19.82 | 45 | 26.26 | 46 | ||
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 43.08 | 5.74 | 46 | 7.66 | 46 | 25.94 | 46 | 3.43 | 41 | 4.69 | 42 | 10.73 | 32 | 16.01 | 43 | 24.2 | 43 | 32.78 | 45 | 10.47 | 42 | 19.64 | 44 | 26.52 | 47 | ||
| STICA | 45.17 | 7.7 | 47 | 9.63 | 49 | 27.83 | 47 | 8.19 | 48 | 9.58 | 48 | 40.3 | 50 | 15.83 | 41 | 23.22 | 40 | 37.74 | 48 | 9.81 | 39 | 17.8 | 37 | 28.7 | 48 | ||
| STICA(subpixel) | 44.17 | 8.28 | 50 | 10.25 | 50 | 29.32 | 49 | 6.41 | 45 | 7.8 | 45 | 35.49 | 49 | 14.48 | 39 | 21.94 | 39 | 35.34 | 47 | 8.58 | 37 | 16.61 | 35 | 25.56 | 45 | ||
| SymBP+occ | 10.42 | 0.97 | 2 | 1.75 | 6 | 5.09 | 2 | 0.16 | 7 | 0.33 | 5 | 2.19 | 9 | 6.47 | 12 | 10.72 | 8 | 17.03 | 15 | 4.79 | 24 | 10.72 | 18 | 10.88 | 17 | ||
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 11.58 | 1.51 | 16 | 2.43 | 18 | 6.8 | 10 | 0.15 | 6 | 0.31 | 4 | 2.11 | 8 | 5.76 | 9 | 9.92 | 7 | 15.6 | 9 | 4.43 | 21 | 10.22 | 16 | 10.31 | 15 | ||
| TensorVoting | 29.17 | 3.79 | 38 | 4.79 | 38 | 8.86 | 23 | 1.23 | 24 | 1.88 | 23 | 11.53 | 34 | 9.76 | 31 | 17.05 | 32 | 24.03 | 38 | 4.38 | 20 | 11.44 | 22 | 12.23 | 27 | ||
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 25.17 | 2.15 | 28 | 3.21 | 23 | 8.94 | 24 | 1 | 22 | 1.65 | 21 | 10.44 | 31 | 9.41 | 29 | 16.71 | 30 | 23.49 | 35 | 4.07 | 18 | 11.15 | 20 | 11.8 | 21 | ||
| TreeDP | 33.5 | 1.99 | 25 | 2.84 | 20 | 9.96 | 29 | 1.41 | 29 | 2.1 | 27 | 7.74 | 24 | 15.92 | 42 | 23.9 | 42 | 27.09 | 44 | 10.05 | 41 | 18.35 | 41 | 18.92 | 38 | ||
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 32.92 | 2.02 | 26 | 2.87 | 22 | 10.13 | 30 | 1.29 | 25 | 1.99 | 25 | 7.55 | 23 | 15.58 | 40 | 23.6 | 41 | 26.82 | 43 | 9.95 | 40 | 18.22 | 40 | 19.08 | 40 | ||