| Overall comparison of algorithms with sub-pixel estimation using a single view | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The table below is the current, off-line version of Figure 3 of our paper. It compares the performance of different stereo algorithms on four test | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| image pairs, including all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website. The numbers represent the percentage of "bad" pixels, i.e., pixel whose | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| absolute disparity error is greater than [0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.50 |2.00], the error threshold can be changed by clicking on the tabs at the end of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| the table. For each image pair, we report percentages for (1) non-occluded pixels, (2) all pixels and (3) pixels near depth. All the scoring and ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| schemes are the same as the Middlebury benchmark. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All algorithms are run with constant parameter settings across all four images. The rank of each algorithm in each column is indicated with a small red number. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The algorithms are listed roughly in decreasing order of overall performance (as measured by average rank). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The difference between this benchmark and the Middlebury one is that we provide sub-pixel estimation for all the algorithms reported to the Middlebury website | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| by using only a single view (the reference view) or two views. The lines with the blue highlighting are the experimental results with our sub-pixel estimations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This sub-pixel benchmark proves that the sub-pixel estimation algorithm proposed is very robust; it works for all the algorithms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Algorithms | Avg. | Tsukuba | Venus | Teddy | Cones | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | nonocc | all | disc | |||||||||||||||
| AdaptingBP | 12.58 | 19.06 | 27 | 19.34 | 24 | 17.35 | 13 | 4.84 | 18 | 5.08 | 15 | 7.84 | 3 | 12.76 | 10 | 16.67 | 4 | 26.31 | 9 | 7.02 | 10 | 13.15 | 11 | 13.99 | 7 | ||
| AdaptingBP(subpixel) | 9.17 | 17.41 | 20 | 17.73 | 20 | 17.01 | 11 | 4.46 | 13 | 4.71 | 10 | 7.38 | 2 | 12.74 | 9 | 16.52 | 3 | 25.77 | 7 | 6.04 | 7 | 12.08 | 4 | 13.35 | 4 | ||
| AdaptWeight | 25.58 | 18.1 | 24 | 18.8 | 22 | 18.59 | 21 | 7.77 | 26 | 8.4 | 27 | 15.83 | 20 | 17.57 | 25 | 23.93 | 25 | 34.03 | 31 | 14 | 32 | 19.67 | 28 | 20.63 | 26 | ||
| AdaptWeight(subpixel) | 14.92 | 16.12 | 19 | 16.55 | 19 | 17.1 | 12 | 4.34 | 12 | 4.91 | 12 | 12.62 | 12 | 14.29 | 16 | 20.8 | 15 | 30.82 | 17 | 9.3 | 19 | 15.11 | 16 | 16.42 | 10 | ||
| CostRelax | 21.58 | 26.25 | 48 | 27.33 | 48 | 33.46 | 44 | 2.92 | 4 | 4.06 | 7 | 20.8 | 31 | 12.28 | 8 | 20.24 | 13 | 32.4 | 25 | 6.33 | 8 | 13.09 | 9 | 16.72 | 14 | ||
| CostRelax(subpixel) | 21.17 | 24.03 | 41 | 25.05 | 42 | 31.6 | 43 | 2.82 | 2 | 3.92 | 5 | 20.67 | 29 | 12.94 | 11 | 20.86 | 16 | 33.08 | 27 | 7 | 9 | 13.67 | 12 | 17.7 | 17 | ||
| C-SemiGlob | 7.75 | 13.92 | 17 | 14.71 | 16 | 18.88 | 25 | 3.3 | 6 | 3.82 | 4 | 10.95 | 10 | 9.82 | 1 | 17.43 | 5 | 22.76 | 2 | 5.37 | 3 | 11.69 | 2 | 12.77 | 2 | ||
| C-SemiGlob(subpixel) | 5.25 | 12.16 | 11 | 12.82 | 12 | 16.27 | 9 | 2.9 | 3 | 3.38 | 2 | 9.47 | 7 | 10.32 | 3 | 17.9 | 7 | 22.93 | 3 | 5.55 | 4 | 11.51 | 1 | 12.45 | 1 | ||
| DoubleBP | 18.42 | 18.66 | 25 | 19.11 | 23 | 15.76 | 5 | 7.82 | 27 | 8.22 | 25 | 11.32 | 11 | 14.4 | 17 | 19.88 | 11 | 24.35 | 6 | 11.77 | 26 | 17.65 | 22 | 19.67 | 23 | ||
| DoubleBP(subpixel) | 11.33 | 17.69 | 21 | 18.08 | 21 | 16.04 | 8 | 4.46 | 14 | 4.8 | 11 | 8.25 | 5 | 11.9 | 7 | 17.49 | 6 | 23.9 | 5 | 8.08 | 14 | 14.1 | 13 | 16.49 | 11 | ||
| DP | 42.17 | 19.58 | 30 | 20.59 | 28 | 22.84 | 38 | 23.49 | 50 | 24.3 | 49 | 32.85 | 45 | 30.04 | 47 | 36.28 | 45 | 36.09 | 36 | 22.04 | 47 | 29.64 | 47 | 33.75 | 44 | ||
| DP(subpixel) | 31.17 | 14.17 | 18 | 15.14 | 17 | 18.68 | 23 | 13.42 | 43 | 14.4 | 43 | 28.15 | 43 | 21.09 | 31 | 28.18 | 33 | 31.65 | 20 | 14.12 | 33 | 22.46 | 33 | 26.36 | 37 | ||
| GC | 32.42 | 7.71 | 5 | 9.82 | 5 | 17.4 | 14 | 13.48 | 44 | 14.96 | 45 | 20.91 | 32 | 31.45 | 48 | 38.52 | 48 | 38.88 | 41 | 15.95 | 35 | 25.54 | 40 | 24.68 | 32 | ||
| GC(subpixel) | 29.25 | 7.93 | 7 | 9.97 | 6 | 17.98 | 16 | 10.01 | 33 | 11.53 | 35 | 18.6 | 26 | 29.98 | 46 | 37.22 | 47 | 38.38 | 40 | 13.27 | 31 | 23.13 | 34 | 23.07 | 30 | ||
| GC+occ | 24 | 6.1 | 1 | 7.11 | 1 | 14.55 | 2 | 10.71 | 36 | 11.33 | 34 | 16.91 | 22 | 23.68 | 37 | 30.09 | 37 | 34.56 | 33 | 12.25 | 29 | 19.2 | 27 | 21.9 | 29 | ||
| GC+occ(subpixel) | 19.08 | 6.63 | 3 | 7.53 | 2 | 14.39 | 1 | 7.75 | 25 | 8.39 | 26 | 14.34 | 15 | 21.43 | 32 | 28.14 | 32 | 33.69 | 29 | 9.83 | 20 | 16.97 | 20 | 19.75 | 24 | ||
| GenModel | 20.25 | 7.89 | 6 | 10.01 | 7 | 18.52 | 19 | 4.59 | 16 | 6.03 | 18 | 23.48 | 40 | 14.76 | 20 | 22.75 | 22 | 31.75 | 22 | 10.2 | 21 | 20.2 | 31 | 19.03 | 21 | ||
| GenModel(subpixel) | 17.58 | 9.21 | 8 | 11.31 | 8 | 19.97 | 28 | 3.59 | 9 | 4.99 | 14 | 22.25 | 37 | 14.17 | 15 | 22.11 | 20 | 30.64 | 16 | 9.09 | 17 | 19.02 | 26 | 16.51 | 13 | ||
| Infection | 43.42 | 22.13 | 39 | 23.49 | 40 | 37.63 | 48 | 11.13 | 38 | 12.33 | 38 | 37.32 | 48 | 24.34 | 40 | 31.71 | 40 | 56.37 | 50 | 20.16 | 45 | 27.8 | 45 | 48.17 | 50 | ||
| Infection(subpixel) | 38.08 | 19.27 | 28 | 20.65 | 29 | 37.4 | 46 | 7.84 | 28 | 9.06 | 28 | 33.65 | 46 | 22.2 | 36 | 29.81 | 36 | 53.32 | 49 | 17.93 | 41 | 25.72 | 41 | 44.4 | 49 | ||
| Layered | 32.25 | 12.95 | 14 | 13.51 | 14 | 18.67 | 22 | 15.6 | 47 | 16.33 | 46 | 21.78 | 35 | 22.16 | 34 | 27.83 | 31 | 35.38 | 34 | 16.91 | 38 | 24.53 | 38 | 25.83 | 34 | ||
| Layered(subpixel) | 25 | 11.82 | 10 | 12.32 | 10 | 19.23 | 26 | 9.87 | 32 | 10.65 | 32 | 20.73 | 30 | 16.88 | 24 | 23.17 | 24 | 31.78 | 23 | 12.15 | 28 | 20.13 | 30 | 23.1 | 31 | ||
| MultiCamGC | 27 | 6.56 | 2 | 7.55 | 3 | 15.68 | 4 | 16.4 | 48 | 16.83 | 48 | 17.57 | 25 | 24.33 | 39 | 30.43 | 38 | 36.94 | 38 | 12.04 | 27 | 18.76 | 25 | 21.15 | 27 | ||
| MultiCamGC(subpixel) | 23.08 | 6.98 | 4 | 7.86 | 4 | 15.43 | 3 | 13.87 | 45 | 14.39 | 42 | 16.61 | 21 | 22.17 | 35 | 28.51 | 34 | 35.74 | 35 | 9.12 | 18 | 16.06 | 17 | 18.65 | 19 | ||
| RealtimeBP | 31.42 | 19.94 | 33 | 21.62 | 36 | 22.16 | 35 | 8.68 | 30 | 9.93 | 31 | 20.12 | 28 | 19.24 | 26 | 24.83 | 27 | 33.82 | 30 | 14.22 | 34 | 21.25 | 32 | 25.9 | 35 | ||
| RealtimeBP(subpixel) | 21.92 | 19.45 | 29 | 21.04 | 31 | 21.69 | 33 | 4.72 | 17 | 6 | 17 | 15.6 | 18 | 16.33 | 22 | 22.12 | 21 | 31.32 | 19 | 9.01 | 16 | 16.44 | 18 | 19.27 | 22 | ||
| RealTimeGPU | 36.58 | 24.21 | 42 | 26.02 | 45 | 24.94 | 42 | 10.95 | 37 | 12.12 | 37 | 27.58 | 42 | 19.62 | 28 | 27.01 | 29 | 33 | 26 | 16.55 | 37 | 23.75 | 35 | 29.52 | 39 | ||
| RealTimeGPU(subpixel) | 24.67 | 20.24 | 34 | 22.05 | 38 | 21.7 | 34 | 5.71 | 19 | 6.89 | 21 | 21.6 | 33 | 14.03 | 14 | 22.05 | 19 | 27.63 | 11 | 10.23 | 22 | 18.04 | 23 | 21.33 | 28 | ||
| RegionTreeDP | 29.75 | 20.95 | 37 | 21.12 | 32 | 18.33 | 17 | 9.08 | 31 | 9.74 | 30 | 13.79 | 14 | 19.72 | 30 | 24.76 | 26 | 32.12 | 24 | 19.74 | 44 | 24.76 | 39 | 25.36 | 33 | ||
| RegionTreeDP(subpixel) | 18.17 | 19.78 | 32 | 19.88 | 27 | 18.37 | 18 | 3.42 | 8 | 3.97 | 6 | 8.26 | 6 | 14.52 | 18 | 20.17 | 12 | 28.59 | 12 | 13.01 | 30 | 18.53 | 24 | 19.84 | 25 | ||
| ReliabilityDP | 37.5 | 18.99 | 26 | 20.73 | 30 | 17.54 | 15 | 12.72 | 40 | 13.96 | 40 | 26.13 | 41 | 26.32 | 42 | 32.49 | 42 | 36.76 | 37 | 23.69 | 48 | 29.89 | 48 | 31.48 | 41 | ||
| ReliabilityDP(subpixel) | 29.5 | 17.9 | 23 | 19.61 | 25 | 16.68 | 10 | 6.62 | 23 | 7.96 | 24 | 21.89 | 36 | 21.83 | 33 | 28.55 | 35 | 34.12 | 32 | 17.6 | 40 | 24.43 | 37 | 26.07 | 36 | ||
| Segm+visib | 14.67 | 12.69 | 13 | 12.93 | 13 | 15.81 | 6 | 10.4 | 34 | 11.01 | 33 | 19.49 | 27 | 10.96 | 4 | 13.2 | 2 | 23.7 | 4 | 8.12 | 15 | 13.11 | 10 | 17.29 | 15 | ||
| Segm+visib(subpixel) | 11.17 | 12.46 | 12 | 12.71 | 11 | 15.82 | 7 | 6.99 | 24 | 7.75 | 23 | 17.45 | 23 | 10.3 | 2 | 12.9 | 1 | 22.42 | 1 | 7.44 | 12 | 12.5 | 6 | 16.49 | 12 | ||
| SegTreeDP | 26.33 | 25.42 | 46 | 25.96 | 44 | 24.6 | 41 | 6.23 | 21 | 6.59 | 20 | 10.79 | 9 | 19.71 | 29 | 25.87 | 28 | 30.86 | 18 | 10.86 | 23 | 16.48 | 19 | 17.73 | 18 | ||
| SegTreeDP(subpixel) | 17.42 | 24.31 | 43 | 24.78 | 41 | 23.02 | 39 | 3.2 | 5 | 3.51 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 16.6 | 23 | 23.12 | 23 | 29.35 | 14 | 5.97 | 6 | 11.77 | 3 | 13.44 | 5 | ||
| SemiGlob | 12 | 13.42 | 15 | 14.3 | 15 | 20.35 | 29 | 4.55 | 15 | 5.38 | 16 | 15.7 | 19 | 10.96 | 5 | 18.48 | 8 | 26.07 | 8 | 4.93 | 1 | 12.54 | 7 | 13.51 | 6 | ||
| SemiGlob(subpixel) | 9.83 | 10.6 | 9 | 11.4 | 9 | 18.87 | 24 | 4.19 | 11 | 4.94 | 13 | 14.43 | 16 | 11.64 | 6 | 19.14 | 10 | 26.54 | 10 | 5.11 | 2 | 12.09 | 5 | 13.29 | 3 | ||
| SO | 43.42 | 17.85 | 22 | 19.81 | 26 | 23.37 | 40 | 23.14 | 49 | 24.44 | 50 | 34.59 | 47 | 36.3 | 50 | 42.87 | 50 | 41.41 | 42 | 23.71 | 50 | 32.4 | 50 | 34.42 | 45 | ||
| SO(subpixel) | 36.75 | 13.47 | 16 | 15.47 | 18 | 20.87 | 30 | 13.39 | 42 | 14.84 | 44 | 29.11 | 44 | 28.37 | 44 | 35.8 | 44 | 37.8 | 39 | 17.12 | 39 | 26.56 | 43 | 28.71 | 38 | ||
| SSD+MF | 45.17 | 28.53 | 50 | 29.99 | 50 | 38.06 | 49 | 12.83 | 41 | 14.2 | 41 | 23.41 | 39 | 28.16 | 43 | 35.42 | 43 | 48.65 | 47 | 21.08 | 46 | 29.42 | 46 | 38.61 | 47 | ||
| SSD+MF(subpixel) | 41.75 | 26.35 | 49 | 27.83 | 49 | 37.61 | 47 | 7.9 | 29 | 9.28 | 29 | 22.74 | 38 | 24.52 | 41 | 32.13 | 41 | 46.96 | 46 | 18.02 | 42 | 26.58 | 44 | 37.85 | 46 | ||
| STICA | 44 | 24.33 | 44 | 26.1 | 46 | 44.76 | 50 | 15.24 | 46 | 16.55 | 47 | 46.35 | 50 | 23.97 | 38 | 31.28 | 39 | 50.41 | 48 | 15.95 | 36 | 23.75 | 36 | 39.5 | 48 | ||
| STICA(subpixel) | 35.58 | 19.61 | 31 | 21.43 | 34 | 37.15 | 45 | 10.7 | 35 | 12.1 | 36 | 40.24 | 49 | 19.45 | 27 | 27.31 | 30 | 44.85 | 43 | 11.7 | 25 | 19.77 | 29 | 32.34 | 43 | ||
| SymBP+occ | 22.42 | 20.74 | 36 | 21.57 | 35 | 19.51 | 27 | 5.96 | 20 | 6.27 | 19 | 10.19 | 8 | 15.66 | 21 | 20.92 | 17 | 31.71 | 21 | 11.4 | 24 | 17.54 | 21 | 18.94 | 20 | ||
| SymBP+occ(subpixel) | 14.92 | 20.55 | 35 | 21.16 | 33 | 18.59 | 20 | 4.1 | 10 | 4.36 | 9 | 7.35 | 1 | 13.2 | 13 | 18.63 | 9 | 29.09 | 13 | 7.92 | 13 | 14.3 | 14 | 16.05 | 9 | ||
| TensorVoting | 22.08 | 25.46 | 47 | 26.19 | 47 | 21.23 | 32 | 3.32 | 7 | 4.12 | 8 | 14.58 | 17 | 14.61 | 19 | 21.78 | 18 | 33.26 | 28 | 7.05 | 11 | 14.46 | 15 | 17.37 | 16 | ||
| TensorVoting(subpixel) | 16.33 | 24.47 | 45 | 25.14 | 43 | 21.12 | 31 | 1.52 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 12.84 | 13 | 13.11 | 12 | 20.41 | 14 | 30.5 | 15 | 5.58 | 5 | 12.96 | 8 | 14.87 | 8 | ||
| TreeDP | 42.5 | 22.42 | 40 | 23.05 | 39 | 22.33 | 36 | 12.08 | 39 | 12.92 | 39 | 21.72 | 34 | 32.39 | 49 | 38.95 | 49 | 45.59 | 45 | 23.7 | 49 | 30.77 | 49 | 31.74 | 42 | ||
| TreeDP(subpixel) | 36.67 | 21.22 | 38 | 21.86 | 37 | 22.62 | 37 | 6.23 | 22 | 7.1 | 22 | 17.52 | 24 | 29.57 | 45 | 36.43 | 46 | 44.89 | 44 | 18.68 | 43 | 26.34 | 42 | 30.08 | 40 | ||